Disk Operating System
Disk Operating System was introduced
by Microsoft. It is an operating system that must be loaded into computer RAM
before starting any work related to it on the computer. Like BIOS, DOS also
provide a set of user services. Examples of these services are DIR, FORMAT, MODE,
PROMPT, COPY which is already known as DOS Command. Program written using DOS
Services can run on any computer using the DOS operating system.
Features:
1.
DOS allow us to backup and Restore data using
MSBACKUP program.
2.
DOS allow us to retrieve a deleted file using
UNDELETE command.
3.
DOS allow us to retrieve data from a formatted
disk using UNFORMAT command.
4.
DOS Provide a hardware independent services.
5.
Services are evolving much faster.
डिस्क ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम माइक्रोसॉफ्ट द्वारा पेश किया गया था। यह एक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम है जिसे कंप्यूटर पर इससे संबंधित कोई भी काम शुरू करने से पहले कंप्यूटर की रैम में लोड करना होता है। BIOS की तरह, DOS भी उपयोगकर्ता सेवाओं का एक सेट प्रदान करता है। इन सेवाओं के उदाहरण DIR,
FORMAT, MODE, PROMPT, COPY हैं जिन्हें पहले से ही DOS कमांड के नाम से जाना जाता है। DOS सेवाओं का उपयोग करके लिखा गया प्रोग्राम DOS ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का उपयोग करने वाले किसी भी कंप्यूटर पर चल सकता है।
विशेषताएं:
1. DOS हमें MSBACKUP प्रोग्राम का उपयोग करके डेटा बैकअप और पुनर्स्थापित करने की अनुमति देता है।
2. DOS हमें UNDELETE कमांड का उपयोग करके हटाई गई फ़ाइल को पुनः प्राप्त करने की अनुमति देता है।
3. DOS हमें UNFORMAT कमांड का उपयोग करके स्वरूपित डिस्क से डेटा पुनर्प्राप्त करने की अनुमति देता है।
4. डॉस एक हार्डवेयर स्वतंत्र सेवाएं प्रदान करें।
5. सेवाएं बहुत तेजी से विकसित हो रही हैं।
Here,
you will learn the commands of the disk operating system. There are three types
of MS-DOS commands: Internal, External, and Recovery Console Commands.
Internal Commands
There are various internal disk operating system commands. Some
of the internal commands are as follows:
|
Commands |
Description |
|
assoc |
It
is used to view the file association. |
|
atmadm |
It lists the
connections and addresses seen by the Windows ATM call manager. |
|
break |
It is used to enable
or disable the computer's breaking capability. |
|
call |
It is used to call
the batch file from another file. |
|
cd |
This command is used
to modify the system directory. |
|
chdir |
It is used to modify
the system directory. |
|
cls |
This command is used
to clear the system screen. |
|
cmd |
It is used to open
the command interpreter. |
|
color |
It is used to modify
the foreground and background color of the window screen. |
|
command |
It is used to open
the command interpreter. |
|
copy |
It is used to copy
one or more files to a different position. |
|
ctty |
It is used to change
the computer's input and output devices. |
|
date |
It is used to see or
change the system date. |
|
del |
It is used to delete
one or multiple files. |
|
delete |
It is used to delete
the file. |
|
dir |
It is used to list
the contents of one or multiple dictionaries. |
|
drivparm |
It allows
overwriting of original device drivers. |
|
echo |
It is used to show
messages and enables and disables echo. |
|
endlocal |
It is used to halt
the localization of environment changes enabled by the setlocal command. |
|
erase |
It is used to erase
the files from the system. |
|
exit |
This command is used
to exit from the DOS command interpreter. |
|
for |
It is used to
Boolean used in the batch files. |
|
goto |
It is used to move a
batch file to a particular label or location. |
|
if |
It allows batch
files to carry out conditional processing. |
|
lh |
It is used to load a
device driver into a large amount of memory. |
|
loadhigh |
It is used to load a
device driver into a large amount of memory. |
|
lock |
It is used to lock
the system's hard drive. |
|
md |
This command is used
to make a new directory in the system. |
|
mkdir |
This command is used
to make a new directory in the system. |
|
mklink |
This command is used
to create a symbolic link. |
|
move |
It is used to move
one or multiple files from one directory to another. |
|
path |
It is used to view
and modify the path location of the system. |
|
pause |
It is used in batch
files to stop the command's processing. |
|
popd |
The popd command
modifies the directory or network path that the pushd command has saved. |
|
prompt |
This command is used
to view or change the DOS prompt. |
|
pushd |
It is used to store
a directory or network path so that it may be restored at any time. |
|
rd |
It is used to remove
an empty directory from the system. |
|
ren |
This command is used
to rename a file in the system. |
|
rename |
This command is used
to rename a file in the system. |
|
rmdir |
It is used to remove
an empty directory from the system. |
|
set |
It is used to modify
one variable or string to another. |
|
setlocal |
It enables
modifications to be done to local contexts without affecting the rest of the
system. |
|
shift |
It is used in batch
programs to modify the location of replaceable parameters. |
|
start |
It is used to start
a specific window in Windows from the DOS prompt. |
|
switches |
It is used to remove
the add functions from the disk operating system. |
|
time |
This command is used
to view and change the system time. |
|
title |
It is used to change
the title of the disk operating system window. |
|
type |
It is used to show
the contents of files. |
|
unlock |
It is used to unlock
a system disk drive. |
|
ver |
This command is used
to show the version of MS-DOS. |
|
verify |
It enables or
disables the feature that determines whether files were properly written. |
|
vol |
It is used to show
the volume information about the specified drive. |
External Commands
There are various external disk operating system commands. Some
of the external commands are as follows:
|
Commands |
Description |
|
append |
It enables open
files in a different directory as if they were in the current one. |
|
arp |
It is used to
display, add, and remove arp data from network devices. |
|
assign |
It is used to assign
a drive letter to a different letter. |
|
at |
It is used to set a
time for commands to be executed. |
|
attrib |
It is used to show
and modify the file attributes. |
|
bcdedit |
This command is used
to change the boot configuration data store. |
|
cacls |
This command is used
to see and change file ACL's. |
|
chcp |
It supplements the
international keyboard and character set knowledge. |
|
chkdsk |
It is used to check
the hard drive running FAT for errors. |
|
chkntfs |
It is used to check
the hard drive running NTFS for errors. |
|
choice |
It is used to define
a listing or various options within a batch file. |
|
clip |
It is used to
redirect the command line output to the windows clipboard. |
|
comp |
It is used to
compare the files. |
|
compact |
This command is used
to compress and uncompress the files. |
|
control |
It is used to open
control panel icons from the DOS prompt. |
|
convert |
It is used to
convert FAT to NTFS. |
|
debug |
It is used to debug
utility applications that are written in assembly language to change hardware
settings. |
|
defrag |
It is used to
rearrange the hard drive to aid with loading programs. |
|
deltree |
It is used to delete
one or multiple files and directories. |
|
diskcomp |
It is used to
compare a disk with another system disk. |
|
diskcopy |
It is used to copy
the information of one disk and put them on another. |
|
doskey |
It is used to see
and execute commands that were run in the past. |
|
driverquery |
It is used to show a
list of installed device drivers. |
|
edit |
It is used to see
and edit files. |
|
edlin |
It is used to see
and edit files. |
|
emm386 |
It is used to load
the extended memory manager. |
|
expand |
It is used to expand
a Microsoft Windows file back to its original format. |
|
extract |
It is used to
extract files from the Microsoft cabinets. |
|
fasthelp |
It is used to show a
listing of MS-DOS commands and their information. |
|
fc |
It is used to
compare the files. |
|
fdisk |
It is used to set up
drive-by, create and manage partitions on the hard drive. |
|
find |
This command is used
to search for text in the file. |
|
findstr |
It is used to search
for a text string within a file. |
|
format |
It is used to delete
and prepare a disk drive for another task. |
|
ftp |
It is used to
connect and work on an FTP server. |
|
graftabl |
This command is used
to show longer characters in graphics mode. |
|
help |
It is used to show a
list of commands with their description. |
|
ifshlp.sys |
It is used to the
32-bit file manager. |
|
ipconfig |
It is used to see
adapter settings and assigned values. |
|
keyb |
It is used to modify
the layout of the keyboard. |
|
label |
It is used to modify
the label of the disk drive. |
|
loadfix |
It is used to load a
program above the first 64 k. |
|
logoff |
It is used to log
off the current profile using the system. |
|
mem |
It is used to show
the memory on the system. |
|
mode |
It is used to modify
the port or display setting. |
|
more |
It is used to show a
single page at a time. |
|
msav |
It is used for early
Microsoft virus scanners. |
|
msd |
It is used for
disagnostics utility. |
|
mscdex |
It is used to enable
CD-ROM access from the MS-DOS. |
|
nbtstat |
It is used to show
protocol statistics and current TCP and IP connections using NBT. |
|
net |
It is used to
update, fix, and view the network and its settings. |
|
netsh |
It is used to
configure static and dynamic network data from DOS. |
|
netstat |
It is used to show
the TCP and IP network protocol statistics and data. |
|
nlsfunc |
It is used to load
country-specific data. |
|
pathping |
It is used to see
and locate locations of network latency. |
|
ping |
It is used to test
and send data to another network system. |
|
power |
It is used to
conserve power with portable systems. |
|
print |
It is used to print
data to a printer port. |
|
qbasic |
It is used to open
the qbasic. |
|
robocopy |
It is a robust file
command for the Windows command line. |
|
route |
It is used to see
and configure windows network route tables. |
|
runas |
It allows a user to
execute a program as another user. |
|
sc |
It is used to
communicate with the Service Control Manager and services. |
|
scandisk |
It is used to
execute the ScanDisk utility. |
|
scanreg |
It is used to scan
the registry and recover the registry from errors. |
|
setver |
It is used to modify
the disk operating system version to trick older disk operating system
programs. |
|
share |
It is used to
install support for file sharing and locking capabilities. |
|
shutdown |
It is used to shut
down the system from the DOS prompt. |
|
smartdrv |
It is used to make a
disk cache in conventional memory. |
|
sort |
It is used to sort
the input and shows the output to the window screen. |
|
subst |
It is used to
substitute a directory on the system for another drive letter. |
|
sys |
It is used to
transfer system files to the disk drive. |
|
telnet |
It is used to telnet
to another device from the prompt. |
|
tracert |
It is used to see a
network packets route over a network. |
|
tree |
It is used to see a
visual tree of the hard drive. |
|
undelete |
It is used to
undelete the file that was deleted. |
|
unformat |
It is used to
unformatted a system hard drive. |
|
xcopy |
It is used to copy
various files, directories, or drives from one position to another position. |
Recovery Console Commands
There are various recovery console commands. Some of the
recovery console commands are as follows:
|
Commands |
Description |
|
batch |
It is used to
execute various commands in a file. |
|
bootcfg |
It allows a user to
view, change, and rebuild the boot.ini file. |
|
disable |
It disables the
Windows system services or system drivers. |
|
enable |
It enables a
disabled system service or system drivers. |
|
fixboot |
It is used to create
a new boot sector. |
|
fixmbr |
It is used to create
a new boot record to a system disk drive. |
|
fType |
It is used to show
or changes file types used in file extension associations. |
|
listsvc |
It shows the system
services and system drivers. |
|
logon |
It is used to list
the installations and enable the administrator login. |
|
map |
It is used to
display the device name of a drive. |